Appeals & Reconsideration
Understanding Reconsideration and ALJ Hearing Process for Social Security Claims
Verified against SSA POMS as of September 18, 2026
The short answer
Reconsideration is the first step in the Social Security administrative review process, initiated if a claimant disagrees with an initial decision. This process involves a thorough re-examination of evidence by someone not involved in the initial decision, and it must be requested within 60 days of the initial determination. If dissatisfied with the reconsideration outcome, a claimant may request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ), where they can present evidence and witnesses. The ALJ provides a decision based on this hearing, further appealable to the Appeals Council and, subsequently, to federal court if needed.
Steps in the Administrative Review Process
The administrative review process for Social Security claims begins with a reconsideration when a claimant disagrees with an initial determination. Reconsideration is mandatory except in certain instances where a hearing is the first step. If a claimant remains dissatisfied following a reconsideration, they may request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) within 60 days of the reconsideration decision. (GN 03101.001)
GN 03101.001 View source ›Hearing Before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)
After a reconsideration, the next step is a hearing before an ALJ. The hearing allows claimants to present evidence, examine witnesses, and introduce any new information pertinent to their case. This hearing is a non-adversarial proceeding and pivotal for claimants contesting the initial or reconsidered determination. (VB 02501.001, GN 03101.001)
VB 02501.001 View source ›Reconsideration of Determinations
Reconsideration involves a detailed review of an SSA case, utilizing all available evidence from the initial determination along with any new information submitted. The reconsideration decision must be made by someone not involved in the original determination and occurs within 60 days upon request by the claimant. (GN 03102.100)
GN 03102.100 View source ›Administrative Law Judge Hearing Dismissals
An ALJ may dismiss a hearing request for several reasons such as untimely filing without good cause, if the claimant withdraws the request, or if there is no longer a basis for a hearing. A dismissal can be vacated by the ALJ or Appeals Council upon request within 60 days of dismissal notice. (GN 03103.220)
GN 03103.220 View source ›Frequently asked
What happens if I miss the reconsideration request deadline?
You have 60 days from receiving the initial determination to request reconsideration. If you miss this deadline, you can request an extension by proving 'good cause' for the delay. If good cause is not established, you may lose the right to appeal.
Can I send additional evidence after my hearing with an ALJ?
Yes, the disability hearing officer may allow up to 15 days after the hearing for new evidence, provided it directly impacts the case outcome and couldn't be obtained earlier.
What is the role of an Administrative Law Judge in the Social Security appeal process?
An ALJ conducts the hearing, allows presentation and questioning of evidence, and issues a decision based on findings, which can be challenged further if necessary.
How many days do I have to appeal a hearing dismissal?
You can request the vacating of a dismissal within 60 days after receiving the dismissal notice.
What if I disagree with the ALJ's decision?
If you disagree with the ALJ's decision, you may request a review by the Appeals Council and potentially escalate the appeal to a federal court.